C++ Language Brief Programming Concept

  C++ programming language-In 1979  Bjarne Stroustrup, a Danish computer scientist , began work on "C with Classes". In 1982, Stroustrup started to develop a successor to C with Classes, which he named "C++." (++ being the increment operator in C) after going through several other names after that new features were added including virtual functions, function name and operator overloading references constants, memory allocation (new/delete).

In 1985, the first edition of  C++ programming language was released. 

In 1991, C++ 2.0 was released which included new features like multiple inheritance, abstract classes, static member functions, constant member functions and protected members,templates,exceptions,namespaces, new casts and a Boolean type

As of 2019, C++ is now the fourth most popular programming language, behind Java, C, and Python. It is often considered to be a superset of C but this is not strictly true. Most C code can easily be made to compile correctly in C++ but there are a few differences that cause some valid C code to be invalid or behave differently in C++.

Some components of writing C++program in certain manner are :

 1 . C Pre-processor Directives : Before a C program is compiled in a compiler , source code is processed by a program called pre-processor. This process is called pre-processing.Commands used in pre-processor are called pre-processor directives and they begin with “#” symbol .

 Syntax : 

               #include<>

2 .  Header Files : The first component is the inclusion of the Header files in a C program.A header file is a file with extension .h which contains C function declarations and macro definitions to be shared between several source files.  Some of C Header files are: 

<iostream.h>- It is the library which contains Standard Input / Output Streams .

<conio.h>-This header declares several useful library functions for performing "console input and output" from a program.

<stddef.h> – Defines several useful types and macros. 

<stdint.h >– Defines exact width integer types.

<stdio.h >– Defines core input and output functions.

<stdlib.h >– Defines numeric conversion functions, memory allocation.

<string.h> – Defines string handling function.

<math.h >– Defines common mathematical functions.

Syntax to include a header file in C:

              #include<header_file_name>

3 . Main Method Declaration : The next part of a C program is to declare the main() function. 

Syntax to Declare main method:

              int main()

                {...}

4 . Variable Declaration : The next part of any C program is the variable declaration. It refers to the variables that are to be used in the function. In the C program, no variable can be used without being declared. Also in a C program, the variables are to be declared before any operation in the function.

Example: 

               int main()

               {

                    int a=5;

                    .  .  .

               }

5 . Body : Body of a function in C program, refers to the operations that are performed in the functions. It can be anything like manipulations, searching, sorting, printing, etc.

Example: 

                int main() 

                {

                      int a=5;

                      cout<<"Your number is : "<<a;...

                 }

6 . Return Statement : The last part in any C program is the return statement. The return statement refers to the returning of the values from a function. This return statement and return value depend upon the return type of the function. For example, if the return type is void, then there will be no return statement. In any other case, there will be a return statement and the return value will be of the type of the specified return type.

Example:

               int main() 

              {

                   int a=5;

                   cout<<"Your number is : "<<a;

                   return 0; 

                }