BRIEF COMPUTER HISTORY.

The COMPUTER as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th Century English Mathematics professor CHARLES BABBAGE. He designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic framework of the computers of today are based on.

FIRST PROGRAMMABLE COMPUTER

The Z1 was created by German Konrad Zuse in his parents'living room between 1936 and 1938. It is considered to be the first electromechanical binary programmable computer , and the first really functional modern computer.

Generally, speaking ,Computers can be classified into five generations.Each generation lasted for a certain period of time, and each gave us either a new and improved computer or an improvement to the existing computer. 

1. FIRST GENERATION(1940-1956) : USE OF VACUUM TUBES : The first generation computers relied on ' MACHINE LANGUAGE'(which is the most basic programming language that can be understood by computers).These computers were solving one problem at a time . The two notable  machines of this era were the UNIVAC and ENIAC .                                                                                                        
2. SECOND GENERATION(1956-1963)  : USE OF TRANSISTORS : Transistors made the computers smaller, faster ,cheaper , and less heavy on electricity use . And the cryptic binary language to symbolic ('ASSEMBLY') language evolved.Transistors driven machines were the first computers to store instructions into their memories -moving from magnetic drum to magnetic core'technology'.Computers example in this era were - IBM1401 and  HONEYBELL800  .                                                                                                     
3. THIRD GENERATION (1964-1971) : USE OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS :  By this phase, transistors were now being miniaturized and put on silicon chips(called SEMICONDUCTORS). This led to massive increase in speed and efficiency of these machines. These were user interacted using keyboards and monitors which interfaced with an operating system . This enabled machines to run several applications at once using a central program which functioned to monitor memory.Mass market of users emerged during this era and two examples of computers in this era were IBM360 and CDC6400.                                                                                                                                   
4. FOURTH GENERATION(1972-2010) :  USE OF MICROPROCESSORS : The increased power of these small computers meant they could be linked , creating networks. Which ultimately led to the development,birth and rapid evolution of the internet. Other major advances during this period have been the GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE(GUI). Invention of  microprocessors also known as CPU led to the great advantage of this era. Examples were IBM5100 and ALTAIR8800.                                                                                                                                     
5. FIFTH GENERATION(2010-PRESENT) : USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE : The fifth generation of computers is beginning of the use of AI (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE), an era of exciting technology that has many potential applications around the world . AI is reality made possible by using parallel processing and superconductors . Leaning to the future , computers will be radically transformed again by quantum computation , molecular and nano technology .The essence of fifth generation will be using those technologies to ultimately create machines which can process and respond to natural language , and have capability to learn and organise themselves .Today's examples of computers are IBM'WATSON and APPLE'S SIRI.                                                                                                                                                                            

OPERATING SYSTEM USED IN TODAY'S GENERATION 

1. MICROSOFT WINDOWS.
2. APPLE IOS.
3. GOOGLE'S ANDROID OS
4. APPLE MAC OS.
5. LINUX OS   and etc.                                                                                                                          

HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE USED FOR PROGRAMMING/ CODING.

C, C++, JAVA ,JavaScript , Python , Scala , C# , PHP , Swift , Ruby and many more. There are more than 600 programming languages out there . And these are some of the important and most used programming languages in today's generation .Even most of the today's successful companies are working on these languages.